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Anomaly of the refractive state of the eye in which, with relaxed accommodation, the image of objects at infinity is not formed on the retina. Thus vision may be blurred. The ametropias are: astigmatism, hyperopia (hypermetropia) and myopia. The absence of ametropia is called emmetropia. Refractive error; error of refraction; refraction (although not strictly correct since this term may also refer to the lack of ametropia). Waifu creator. See hyperopic defocus; myopic defocus;;; biological-statistical theory; emmetropization theory; nativistic theory.axial ametropia Ametropia due primarily to an abnormal length of the eye while the refractive power is approximately normal (Fig.

A8).refractive ametropia Ametropia due primarily to an abnormal refractive power of the eye while the length is approximately normal. Refractive ametropias can be attributed to either an abnormal radius of curvature of the surfaces of the cornea, or the crystalline lens ( curvature ametropia) or to an abnormal index of refraction of one or more of the ocular media ( index ametropia). Igualmente, se evaluo la respuesta acomodativa o poder dioptrico de compensacion para hallar el valor dinamico neto en la retinoscopia dinamica monocular de Merchan, con la retinoscopia de Nott y MEM en personas menores de 40 anos, a fin de determinar el estado refractivo y el tipo de ametropia en vision lej ana debido a que Merchan utiliza en esta poblacion la compensacion estandar de 1.25 D sin considerar que la respuesta acomodativa mayor a 1.00 D significa que puede haber alguna deficiencia en el mecanismo de acomodacion en este grupo de personas y en mayores de 40 anos de edad (13,14).

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Myopia (or nearsightedness) affects 20% to 30% of the population, but this eye disorder is easily corrected with eyeglasses, contact lenses or surgery.

Biography. After giving Snake a shot of digoxin that helped him to move somewhat and escorted Snake to the stairs before deciding to take the elevator after realizing he wasn't recovered enough to actually walk. He then assisted Snake out of the hospital and to safety.Ishmael claimed that he was a former acquaintance of Venom Snake and had been watching over him for the last 9 years while he was in a coma following XOF's attack on Mother Base. Contains spoilers for those who haven't finished The Phantom Pain.On March 11, 1984, Ishmael saved Venom Snake from being assassinated by, and managed to fight her off by throwing bottles of various medical substance at her, which eventually engulfed her in flames and caused her to jump out of the window to escape.

People who have myopia or nearsightedness have difficulty seeing distant objects, but can see objects that are near clearly. For example, a person who is nearsighted may not be able to make out highway signs until they are just a few feet away.

People who are nearsighted have what is called a refractive error. This means that the light rays bend incorrectly into the eye to transmit images to the brain. In people with myopia, the eyeball is too long or the cornea has too much curvature, so the light entering the eye is not focused correctly. Light rays of images focus in front of the retina, the light-sensitive part of the eye, rather than directly on the retina, causing blurred vision.

Myopia runs in families and usually appears in childhood. Sometimes the condition plateaus, or sometimes it worsens with age.

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People who are nearsighted often complain of headaches, eyestrain, squinting or fatigue when driving, playing sports, or looking more than a few feet away.

Myopia can be easily diagnosed using standard eye exams given by an eye doctor.

Glasses, contact lenses, or refractive surgery can correct myopia.

With myopia, your prescription for glasses or contact lens is a negative number, such as -3.00. The higher the number, the stronger your lenses will be.

Refractive surgery can reduce or even eliminate your dependence on glasses or contact lenses. The most common procedures for myopia are performed with a laser, including:

• Photorefractive keratectomy. Also called PRK , a laser is used to remove a layer of corneal tissue, which flattens the cornea and allows light rays to focus closer to or even on the retina.
• Laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis. Commonly called LASIK , a laser is used to cut a flap through the top of the cornea, a laser removes some corneal tissue, then the flap is dropped back into place. LASIK is the most common surgery used to correct nearsightedness.
• Corneal rings.Plastic corneal rings, called Intacs, are implanted into the eye to alter the shape of the cornea. One advantage of the rings is that they may be left in place permanently, may be removed in case of a problem, or adjusted should a prescription change be necessary.

Reviewed by the doctors at The Cleveland Clinic Cole Eye Institute.

Edited by Charlotte E. Grayson, MD, WebMD, October 2004.

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